Mind Reading Dvd by Simon Baron Cohen
SIMON Baron-COHEN
Simon Baron-Cohen, PhD, MPhil is a professor of developmental psychopathology in the departments of psychiatry and experimental psychology, a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and managing director of the Autism Research Centre at the University of Cambridge, in the Britain. He is best known for his work on autism, including his early theory that autism involves degrees of 'mindblindness' (or delays in the development of theory of mind), and his after theory that autism is an extreme form of the 'male encephalon', which involved a major reconceptualization of typical psychological sexual activity differences in terms of empathy and systemizing.
Education
Businesswoman-Cohen earned degrees in Human Sciences from New College, Oxford, a PhD in Psychology from University College London, and an Master of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology at the Found of Psychiatry, King's College London.
Research areas
Baron-Cohen'due south offset research newspaper on autism was published in 1985, with Uta Frith and Alan Leslie.[1] It proposed that children with autism testify social and advice difficulties as a outcome of a delay in the evolution of a theory of mind. Tested using the false belief experiment, this outcome has been replicated innumerable times.
In his 1995 volume Mindblindness (MIT Press), he suggested that an individual'south theory of listen depends on a gear up of brain mechanisms that develop in early childhood, including the center direction detector (EDD), the shared attention machinery (SAM), and the intentionality detector (ID). Baron-Cohen singled out SAM as a central precursor to theory of mind, giving rise to the first early screening exam for autism, the CHAT (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers).[2] This quick test is used at 18 months sometime to check if the child is showing behaviours such as pointing and gaze following every bit examples of shared (or joint) attention. Absence or delays in joint attention is ane marker of risk for a after diagnosis of autism. The CHAT remains the only screening musical instrument for autism in infancy that has been tested at a population level, and a revised version of the musical instrument is nether evaluation to detect Asperger Syndrome as well.
In 1994, with his colleague Howard Band, he published the starting time evidence that theory of mind relied on the orbito-frontal cortex, and in 1999 they published farther testify that theory of mind was also strongly dependent on the amygdala, a primal region in the brain involved in decoding and responding to others' actions and mental states. These studies also demonstrated that in autism there is under-activity in these regions, while the person is thinking nigh other minds.
His later theory, outlined in his 2003 volume "The Essential Departure" (Penguin/Basic Books), was the outset serious attempt to link the fields of typical sexual practice differences in psychology with the field of autism. He proposed that on average, females develop faster in empathy and on boilerplate males develop faster in systemizing. People with autism, he argued, show an extreme of the typical male profile in having a disability in empathy alongside intact or fifty-fifty superior systemizing. Much of the empirical work testing this theory was in collaboration with his colleague Sally Wheelwright (Come across also EQ SQ Theory.)
In a major plan of research, summarized in his 2005 book "Prenatal Testosterone in Listen" (MIT Press), with his doctoral students Svetlana Lutchmaya, Rebecca Knickmeyer, Bonnie Auyeung, and Emma Chapman, he demonstrated that foetal testosterone (FT) levels (measured in the amniotic fluid) inversely predict social behaviour (due east.g., centre contact at 12 months erstwhile), language development (eastward.m., vocabulary size at 24 months old), quality of social relationships at 4 years old, and empathy at 8 years old. FT levels besides positively predict systemizing at 8 years old. A single biological machinery (FT) thus appears to influence both empathy and systemizing, in contrary means. He is currently testing if autism is associated with elevated FT. This link remains to be fully tested. (Come across also Sexual differentiation.)
His prenatal androgen (FT) theory of autism is not at odds with a genetic theory, and Baron-Cohen has argued that whilst people on the autism spectrum are strong "systemizers" (showing a strong attraction to systems, and a drive to identify lawful or regular patterns within a system, equally a way of understanding and predicting systems), so are their parents. His most recent idea is that autism may be the result of assortative mating of ii strong systemizing parents. Evidence for this includes the finding that both mothers and fathers of children on the autism spectrum accept fantabulous attention to and memory for detail (as measured on the Embedded Figures Examination), and that the grandfathers of children with autism, on both sides of the family, are more likely to take worked in the field of technology (which demands skilful systemizing skills)
As a psychologist, Baron-Cohen's work has had far reaching influences in the fields of developmental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, primatology, philosophy of mind, also as clinical psychology and psychiatry. In addition to basic research into the biomedical causes of autism, Businesswoman-Cohen and his colleagues take produced practical tools for people with autism, including Mind Reading: An Interactive Guide to Human Emotions,[iii] which is educational software for helping to improve emotion-recognition skills. More recently, his original ideas led to creation of The Transporters,[4] a children's animation series which superimposed real homo faces showing emotions onto animated vehicles, every bit a way of harnessing the potent interest in systems (vehicles being an example of a system) that fifty-fifty preschoolers with autism evidence, to assist make faces and emotional expressions more than autism-friendly and anticipated. The Transporters DVD, commissioned by Culture Online, function of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, was created by Goad Pictures, working alongside Culture Online, Businesswoman-Cohen and researchers from Cambridge's Autism Inquiry Center[5].
Simon was likewise consulted in the case of Daniel Tammet in the documentary "The boy with the incredible brain". [6]
Selected Publications
Books
Simon Baron-Cohen has written v books, including Mindblindness (1995) and The Essential Departure: Male person and Female person Brains and the Truth About Autism (2003). He has edited three books, including Understanding Other Minds (1993), with a second edition in 2001. In addition to autism, Baron-Cohen is too 1 of the pioneers in the empirical study of synaesthesia, and has edited a book on information technology: Synaesthesia: Classic and contemporary readings (1997).
Papers
Ofer Golan and Simon Baron-Cohen (2006). Systemizing empathy: Teaching adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism to recognize complex emotions using interactive multimedia. Development and Psychopathology eighteen (2006), 591-617
Rana El Kaliouby, Rosalind Picard, and Simon Baron-Cohen. (2006). Affective Computing and Autism. Annals of the New York University of Sciences 1093:i, 228–248
Simon Baron-Cohen and Sally Wheelwright (2004). The Empathy Caliber (EQ). An investigation of adults with Asperger Syndrome or Loftier Functioning Autism, and normal sex activity differences. Periodical of Autism and Developmental Disorders 34:163-175
Simon Baron-Cohen. (2004). The extreme male encephalon theory of autism. Terrain, reprinted from Trends on Cognitive Sciences 6, 248-254 - translation 6:17-32
Family
Simon Baron-Cohen is a first cousin of Sacha Baron Cohen[7], the actor and comedian famous for his characters Borat and Ali G. His maternal granddad'due south blood brother was Robert Greenblatt, professor of endocrinology at the Medical College of Georgia, whose inquiry led to the development of the oral contraceptive pill. [8]
References
one Baron-Cohen, Southward., Leslie, A., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child accept a 'theory of mind'? Cognition, 21, 37-46.
2 http://depts.washington.edu/dataproj/conversation.html
3 http://www.jkp.com/mindreading
four http://world wide web.transporters.tv
five http://world wide web.cultureonline.gov.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland/2007/01/animation_dvd_h.html
6 http://video.stumbleupon.com/#p=i85su1w6uz
7 IMDB biography page for Sacha Baron Cohen
8 Robert B. Greenblatt (1906-1987)
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